Athlete's Foot: The Pesky Fungal Infection of the Feet
Athlete’s foot, known medically as tinea pedis, is a common fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, and can also spread to the toenails and the hands. It’s named “athlete’s foot” because it’s commonly seen in athletes, but it can affect anyone. This condition is a type of dermatophyte infection, which means it’s caused by fungi that eat keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails.
Causes and Risk Factors
Athlete’s foot is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes, which thrive in warm, moist environments such as shower floors, locker rooms, and around swimming pools—places commonly frequented by athletes.
Risk factors for athlete’s foot include:
- Frequenting public showers or locker rooms
- Wearing tight-fitting, closed-toe shoes
- Keeping the feet wet for long periods
- Sweaty feet
- Minor skin or nail injuries
Symptoms
The symptoms of athlete’s foot vary depending on the type of infection but typically include:
- Itching, stinging, and burning between the toes or on the soles of the feet
- Itchy blisters
- Cracking and peeling skin, particularly between the toes and on the soles of the feet
- Dryness and scaling on the sides of the feet
- Foul odor
- Discolored, thick, and crumbly toenails (if the infection spreads to the toenails)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of athlete’s foot is generally based on the appearance of the foot. However, a skin lesion potassium hydroxide exam can confirm the diagnosis by identifying fungi in a sample of skin.
Treatment
Treatment of athlete’s foot aims to eliminate the infection and includes:
- Topical antifungal medications: Available over-the-counter or by prescription, these creams, lotions, or sprays are applied directly to the feet.
- Oral antifungal medications: For more severe cases, oral medications may be prescribed.
- Keeping feet dry: Especially between the toes, is essential for healing and preventing recurrence.
- Foot powders: Can help absorb sweat and keep the feet dry.
Prevention
Preventive measures are important, especially for those who have had the infection before or are at high risk:
- Wash your feet with soap and water every day and dry them thoroughly
- Change socks regularly to keep feet dry
- Wear light, well-ventilated shoes
- Wear flip-flops in locker room showers and around public pools
- Don’t share shoes or socks with others
- Use antifungal powders or sprays if you are at risk
Complications
If left untreated, athlete’s foot can lead to secondary bacterial infections, which may require antibiotics. The fungal infection can also spread to other parts of the body, including the hands, nails, and groin.
Athlete’s foot is a common and treatable condition, but it can be stubborn and recur frequently. Good foot hygiene and preventive practices are key to avoiding this uncomfortable infection. If over-the-counter treatments don’t resolve the issue, or if you have diabetes and suspect you have athlete’s foot, seek medical advice for more potent treatments and to avoid complications.